Economic Depression and Recovery Essay - 1021 Words

The President’s plan for economic recovery cannot be based on the stimulus package that he has presented. There are many factors to economic recovery that need to be worked on, and the stimulus package is small compared to what really needs to be done. The whole country needs to have a turn around—financially, responsibly, and economically to be the greatest nation in the world, once more. This is a responsibility of the government, as well as the people to respond with our choices that will help us grow and recover. The foreclosure market is a crisis that is surrounded by other factors to help it re-cover. The economy needs to be turned around by: †¢ Job Growth and Expansion †¢ Stop Over-Taxing †¢ Stop Government Spending †¢ Curb†¦show more content†¦We need to collect the debt owed to us from every country we have helped out, and use that money for infrastructure of this country. If we run this country like a business, and do our accounts receivable department, we could turn this around. Curb The Housing Crisis: The government started the ordeal with Acorn, and agencies as such that gave credit to people who did not deserve it. The only foreseeable way of relieving this crisis is to allow the homeowners to have very low percentage rates until the economy and jobs situation turn around. They need to keep their homes, and need to provide for their families. The banks and lending institutions need to recognize there will be no more customers, if there isn’t any money to distribute. They need to lower the interest rates to be more affordable-a â€Å"tightening of the belt† on all financial agencies to produce more people paying their mortgages, and making the payments on time. The people need stability to make these things happen, and they need the support of the lower costs for their future. There are other ways to curb the mortgage and foreclosure crisis: †¢ Eliminate the IRS †¢ Property Tax Deferment †¢ Eliminate County and State Taxes †¢ Amnesty for Borrowers ïÆ' ° By eliminating the IRS, Americans would not have the unnecessary taxes imposed upon them, and they would have extra cash to afford mortgages, and car payments, and survive. ïÆ' ° Property tax deferment would allowShow MoreRelatedThe Great Depression Of America1727 Words   |  7 PagesThe Great Depression in America is often believed to have ended when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbour and the US entered WWII in December 1941. However, while an exact end date is a matter of debate, it’s obvious the end of the Great Depression correlates somewhat with the beginning of the war, leading many to believe WWII must have ended the Great Depression and triggered the economic recovery of the United States. Many historians believe that the government and military spending restimulatedRead MoreThe Worst Economic Depression Ever Felt Theu.s. Essay1249 Words   |  5 PagesThe worst economic depression ever felt in U.S. history was not only felt in north America, but this also became a worldwide economic slump. The Great Depression caused by many factors raised a question of how will the we take a step into recovery. The Election of president Franklin D . Roosevelt in 1932 was the beginning of the shaping of the U.S. government interaction with American citizens. Roosevelts campaign helped him win the election of 1932 with his laudable ideas of how to combat the effectsRead MoreHow Roosevelt And His New Deal Prolonged The Great Depression1395 Words   |  6 PagesAnd His New Deal Prolonged The Great Depression The traditional view of Franklin D. 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Summary of Evidence: 1920s AmericanRead MoreThe Legacy Of The Roaring Twenties1475 Words   |  6 Pagesbrought about the Great Depression, which ended this era. Franklin Delano Roosevelt felt compelled to do something to bring America back to its former prosperous self. Roosevelt created the New Deal, a series of government programs and laws intended to fix the economic issues plaguing America. This plan consisted of what is known as the three ‘R’s, that is relief, recovery and reform. Relief was the effort to help one-third of the people out of world in the country. Recovery was the effort to restoreRead MoreThe New Deal : The United States And The American People1190 Words   |  5 PagesThe New Deal The 1930’s was a decade filled with economic crisis, a loss of prosperity and crucial challenges that have called for problematic times in American history. The Great Depression, which started in 1929 and ended in the early 1940’s, was a relentless global economic collapse that had numerous catastrophic effects on American society. Throughout the course of American history, many distinct presidents have made significant decisions regarding the progression of the United States and theRead MoreEssay And What I Say552 Words   |  3 Pages The Great Depression lasted from October 24, 1929 until the economic recovery of the 1940s. On October 29, Black Thursday, the stock market crashed heavily, and continued to fall sharply throughout the coming weeks. As a result, the United States and the world were thrown into a decade of poverty and unemployment. The depression affected all sectors of the economy. Farm owners and agricultural workers suffered from falling crop prices . Businesses failed from a lack of investment support and a declineRead More The Great Depression and Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal Essay858 Words   |  4 PagesThe Great Depression and Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal During the 1930s, America witnessed a breakdown of the Democratic and free enterprise system as the US fell into the worst depression in history. The economic depression that beset the United States and other countries was unique in its severity and its consequences. At the depth of the depression, in 1933, one American worker in every four was out of a job. The great industrial slump continued throughout the 1930s, shaking theRead MoreEconomic Theory : The Great Depression1734 Words   |  7 Pagesmany opportunities to learn the lessons of economic theory but The Great Depression is a particularly relevant historical event when discussing economics. It is a defining event in the history of America as politics and economics intertwined, transforming the role of the federal government in the economy. Due to the length, severity and global effects an entire decade is known as the Great Depression. Theories continue to be debated on how or why the Depression took place and the reasons for its eventualRead MoreTaking a Look at the 1920s1642 Words   |  7 Pagescoordinating authorities or public bodies was weak. Prior to 1930, there was a degree of freedom of business activity, protected from state interference, without any parallel with the business environment, which was more regulated after the Great Depression. The First World War was beneficial to the North American economy. They were separated by the Atlantic Ocean from the conflict, and became the major suppliers of essential supplies for survival and support for their allies. But the American society

Medias Impact on Politics Essay - 3263 Words

Here in America, we try to pay close attention to everything that goes on in the government. Whatever decision they make we want to know when, where, why, and how. This is because whatever decision that they make will determine what will happen with this country as a whole in the long run. So what is the best way to find out what’s going on with our government? Why the media of course. The media plays a major part in every aspect of the government including what happens in elections, the reporting of major military operations and how the American people will react to certain political situations or scandals. Here are some the ways that the media affects the way we think when it comes to the government. The Right to Laugh: Media Satire†¦show more content†¦One recent case where the mass media poked fun at and satirized the government was the year 2000 election. In the time where ballots and votes became confused and the state of Florida became the punch-line to many a water cooler joke, shows such as the ones above took the story and ran with it. From the very beginning the satire of political figures played its role in the election. According to the Washington Post and the Pew Research Center, 47 percent of Americans under the age of 30 receive around 26% of their information about candidates, amongst other political matters, through late night comedy television. This trend has been labeled by many â€Å"Infotainment.† The viewers are receiving information about political issues and their government, but through a sarcastic or humorous filter that creates a different culture of informed citizens. When the poll results in the 2000 election came in, the jokes seemed to last longer than the re-counts. Even now 3 years later the jokes continue to be evoked. Recently at the academy awards, while on stage to receive his academy award for his very humorous gun control documentary â€Å"Bowling for Columbine† Michael Moore called George W. Bush â€Å"a fictitious president† while following with jokes about the pope and the Dixie chicks. Indeed, when we live in an entertainment and media saturated culture such as the USA, such comments asShow MoreRelatedWhere Have the Simple Days of Politically Informative Media Gone?1173 Words   |  5 Pagesattempt to report news to the public. This informed people on current issues, enabling them to form their own opinions about politics. Since 1690, the media’s approach to reporting news stories has shifted. Instead of offering people the truth, forms of media like television often distort political affairs to align with their own political agendas. With the shift in the media’s tactics of tackling current events, the public’s perception of the media has transformed. Back in 1690, any form of media wasRead MoreThe Hierarchy Of Gender Is An Issue That The Entire World Has Faced For Many Years954 Words   |  4 Pagesfaced for many years. In the United States, there is a large problem with women being represented in politics. This can be traced back to how ch ildren are placed into different hierarchies of males being masculine and females being feminine through their clothes, toys, and more. However, the issue is also caused by the media’s portray of female politicians in comparison to male politicians. The media’s reporting of the 2016 presidential candidates have impacted the way the candidates speak on each otherRead MoreEssay on Mass Medias Political Power967 Words   |  4 PagesMass Medias Political Power There are two main issues regarding media influence in politics 1. Does presentation and coverage affect voting behaviour and choices? 2. Do media have an impact on political struggle and decide nature of debates? Definitions of mass media Mass media are channels of communication through which messages flow, produced by a few for consumption by many people. As the messages go through the channels, they are distortedRead MoreMedia s Influence On Politics1742 Words   |  7 Pages In the Public Eye: Politics and the Media Much of American life is guided by the influx of information received from the media. This results in the ability of the media to shape or mold the opinions of American society. Media is used in numerous areas concerning politics. â€Å"Without the media’s investigations, citizens would be forced to rely entirely on the information provided by politicians and the government, and would be deprived of an indispensable opportunity to evaluate issues carefully andRead MoreThe Persuasion On The Issue Of North Korea1136 Words   |  5 PagesCuriously, each of the three held cable networks, such as CNN, in low regards. With a quick glance it becomes quite obvious that public opinion is not unified on the issue of North Korea. There could be several reasons for why this is. One, the media’s news coverage of has not been able to affect the public by only implementing 2 media effects (agenda-setting, priming) and not the other 2 (framing, persuasion). Partisanship may also be a viable reason. As seen on The Washington Post, 39% of allRead MoreHow the Media has Influenced Peoples Thoughts on homosexuality1410 Words   |  6 Pagesof varied mediums of exposure since as early as the 1950s. The highly convincing nature of the media’s influence is deeply rooted as truth within the minds of just about every person in America. No matter where you look or turn, in this day and age you cannot avoid the topic of homosexuality. It is being discussed in the news, books, television shows, movies, and as we have most recently now in politics. Since they are labeled to be a minority group, the LGBT community is viewed very differently byRead MoreNegative Effects Of Social Media1517 Words   |  7 Pagesjust go on Twitter or Facebook and read the trending articles about things happening in the news. It affects high school and college students, it affects people’s political beliefs, and it affects people’s personal opinions on themselves. Social Media’s Effect on Students In our world today, social media is a part of almost every high school and college students lives. Many of these students use at least Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, or Instagram once or twice a day, usually more. These social mediaRead MoreEssay on Mass Media Coverage of Presidential Election1460 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"It is the media’s job to sort of be the watchdog (Fullerton-1).† Their job is basically to ferret out the truth and sniff out the falsehoods.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;To view the media as one large entity is misleading. 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Od Interventions Free Essays

string(42) " needs the support of the top management\." Definition of od interventions: An OD intervention can be defined as â€Å"the set of structured activities in which selected organization units engage with a task or a sequence of tasks where the task goals are related directly or indirectly to organizational improvement † â€Å"A set of sequenced and planned actions or events intended to help the organisation increase its effectiveness†. In an od intervention the entire process of diagnosis, alternative generation and making action choices are jointly conducted and od will also examine the process of such diagnosis, action planning and implementation. Criteria for Effective Interventions: In OD three major criteria define the effectiveness of an intervention: 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Od Interventions or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Extent to Which it (the Intervention) fits the needs of the organization. 2. The degree to which it is based on causal knowledge of intended outcomes 3. The extent to which the OD intervention transfers change-management competence to organization members. Characteristics of od intervention: First An od intervention will focus on the organizational processes apart from the substantive content of an activity. Secondly an od intervention would generally focus on a work team as the unit of analysis and change towards effective behaviour Thirdly od would normally view change as an on-going process and would rely on a collaborative management of work culture Types of od interventions : These interventions can be clubbed into twelve groups and they are diagnostic, team-building, inter-group activities, survey feedback methods, education and training programmes, techno-structural activities, process consultation, the management grid, meditation and negotiation activities, coaching and counseling and planning and goal setting activities. ) Survey Feedback: It recounts to an approach survey through well planned assessment or Interviews. It covers the feedback to the customer organisation. It has a demand and significance in a genuine situation. The attitude survey can have a purpose to measure the process; for instance, communication, decision making and leadership at different levels. The data p roduced under this system is perceptual and attitudinal.. A review of the product is prepared in a group discussion. Generally feedback of results is specific to the group which prepares the data. As a result strategies are planned to resolve the organisational problems. Consequently, the process of survey feed back includes: collection of data, feedback, development of action plan and follow-up. Therefore, to ensure authentic results, the survey should be applicable and dependable. 2) Management Grid : The method urbanized by Robert Blake and Jane S. Mouton is a step to move toward. This Grid represents a rational support of managing people. Growth of management skills from beginning to end grid program involves wide range of included and instrumented activities are the ways having investigational and planned conditions. The members are secondary to be pleased about the advances to integrate people and their invention. 3) Team Building: Team building is an attempt to assist the work group to identify, diagnose and solve its own problems. Actually groups develop their own norms of behaviour which pressurize the persons and group behaviour. Organisation is a system to interconnect with groups. OD considers that work groups are the teams which are spinning around to introduce changes in the organization. Team building actions are taken to develop a range of groups in an organization like permanent work teams, task forces, committees etc. Team building actions focus on finding, task achievement, team relationships and organisational process. The component groups in team building activity are: the external advisors, the group leader and the members of the group. In team building movement, associates meet and talk about troubles connecting to their coursework It obtain sincere and courageous argument. In the team building movements, the associate adds the sequence relating to their personal observation of issues, problems and task relationship. 4) Sensitivity Training: It is known as training being carried out by creating an experimental laboratory circumstances where workers will be brought together to do something together in a formless environment. Sensitivity training helps in understanding people well again, to develop appreciation for others, to develop specific behavioral skills and to gain effective approach into the group development. It also aims at falling interpersonal confrontation. The main aim of sensitivity training is to split all the methods through the bond of silence and ease the expression of associates to emphasize on the process of debate to a certain extent than to fulfill the instructions. It is a method which proposes to have brain washing of persons. This training is accepted by formless groups without any agenda, leader and predetermined goals. The group is given independence to expand their plans, contacts and on going process for interaction. Sensitivity training gives a technique to enable special knowledge and development. ) Four System Management : Rensis Likert’s four System Management has given four stage to represent the organizational values to include the essential collection of job bearing and people way. According to Likert management philosophy can be classified into four systems they are: i) Exploitative-Autocratic System ii) Benevolent Autocratic System iii) Consultative Democratic System and iv) Participative Democratic Syst em. This theory explains that three basic concepts of system has four management which will help making the organization effective they are: ) To use the principle of supportive relationship in the organisation b) To use the group decision making and group methods of supervision in the organisation, and c) To emphasize more on the high performance goals. 6) Management by Objectives (MBO): It is another important tool of O. D and involves the process of educating the concerned persons about M. B. O, agreement upon clear cut quantifiable objectives, evaluation of objectives and feedback for deviation and coercive action. . M. B. O is wide-ranging overall managerial philosophies that focuses upon joint goal setting and synthesize the individual’s goal to organisational goals. The entire organization will have the feeling of unity as all levels of management of an organization are involved in goal setting. The programmes relating to M. B. O can be effective if they are properly implemented and needs the support of the top management. You read "Od Interventions" in category "Essay examples" 7) Process Consultation: It can be described as the set of activities on the part of the consultant that helps the client to perceive, understand and act upon the process events that take place in the client’s environment. Process consultation concentrates on the analysis of process of activities like communication, leadership etc. It also aims to attempts to develop initial contacts, define relationships, selecting the method of work, collection of data and diagnosis. Process consultation is a method of intervening in an on going system and is designed to change attitudes, values, interpersonal skills, group norms, and cohesiveness and other process variables. 8) Contingency Approach : This approach was given by P. Lawsence and J. Lorseh. It is based on the principle that an organisation is a multifaceted social system. Its behavior must be included into a united effort to enable it to cope with the environment. Theoretically individuals in different departments have different orientations related to the tasks they perform. Genuinely, the organisational units in their regular operations they are differentiated along with their direction. It appears that with the task discrimination coordination is not possible. According to contingency approach separation and combination are possible for total organisation’s effectiveness with the help of integrative devices. To sum up, high organisational presentation is well-suited with the existence of both separation as well as combination which are required as per the stress of heir immediate environment. The contingency approach can be useful as an OD intervention in industrial organizations in the form of inter group argument meetings of concerned departmental persons. 9) Role Analysis : In the presentation of their individual roles persons manifest certain behaviour which may upset team efficiency. At times it is established that the persons a re unambiguous about their own expected behaviour from the view point of other members of the team. In these circumstances the role analysis procedure is used to clarify the role expectations and obligations of the members of a team. The ensuing role requirements and the expected behavioral mechanism of each other help the member enjoy an equally acceptable behaviour in the team work. In this technique, the individual role players analyze the focal role of the individuals. 10) Inter-group Activity : Meager interpersonal relations are not unusual features in organisational performance . Under these circumstances, inter-group motion spotlights to improve the relationships between the groups. It helps in the interaction and communication between the work groups which eventually avoids dysfunctional inimical competitiveness among them. Inter-group team building entails the procedure of discrimination and combination. 11) Organisation Mirroring: It monitors the activities of group of members and gets the feedback from the members of several other groups about how is it being professed. Organisational mirroring is used when there is complexity with other department in the organisation. A meeting is called and response is sought from other department. During the meeting the correct picture emerges which will determine many mistakes committed between two groups. 2) Third Party Peace Making Intervention: This intervention is the foundation of the thoughts to understand the conflicts and their resolutions at the interpersonal level. It helps to confront the method of resolving the conflicts takes place between two parties who are aware of the existence of the conflicts and want to confront the issues. The advisor as a third party must be accomplished in the art of identifies the conflicts and use confrontation as techniq ue. This process focuses on four basic elements of conflicts they are : i) The conflict issues, (ii) The contributory circumstances, (iii) The conflict related behaviour, and (iv) The results of the conflict. 13) Job Design/Redesign : It is task -technology connected approach and aims at making changes in the work procedure of the groups of employees. Job design occupies a well planned reorganization of a job. On the whole it focuses to develop worker’s motivation, commitment, performance, job satisfaction etc. , through job enrichment, job engineering, job rotation, job enlargement and socio-technical system. 4) Quality Circles: Quality Circles are semi-autonomous work groups with six persons who volunteer to talk about and solve feature related problems during working hours. It has impact on working conditions, employee’s commitment and self development of employees. 15) Counselling : Counselling is the method to extend the help by a manager to his assistant to enhan ce his prospective. It plans at hypothesizing and empathize with the workers. It assists to bring about self consciousness in the worker about his capability. Single or group of interventions may be used to resolve the issues. Od intervention used in BHEL-BLOCK5 PAGE33-34(M) In order to develop improve the effectiveness of the human resources in the Organisation, a committee called ‘Human Resources Committee’ was first constituted by BHEL in Bhopal in 1976. The committee is the central body and plays the central role in implementation of all OD efforts. With the help of external and internal resource persons, a number of programmes/workshops have been Organised for the development of the members of this committee improving their problem solving capabilities and decision making. The range of OD interventions are described below. Job Redesign and Work commitment as an OD intervention In one of the BHEL units (Hardwar) Job redesign was taken up and as an OD intervention in 1975. This experiment was pursued for around 4 years and very encouraging results were obtained. i) A more satisfying job, due to increased variety and relief from boredom and monotony ii) Personal growth for all, by learning additional skills of other trends and acquiring leadership Qualities iii) Reduction in health/safety hazards iv) An atmosphere with less tension and jealousy ) An improved team spirit and morale resulting in improved communication and human relationship vi) Increased self esteem and pride among the workers. Workshops were conducted and it was found to be very useful and threw up more questions for wider debate and discussions. By using survey method, a list of programmes or subjects or themes is sent to various. H. O. Ds who respond by ticking the appropriate ones for t heir executives. As a result of various diagnostic exercises some critical needs of training and development are identified. The workshops on various themes also give valuable idea of the areas requiring more thrust by way of training and development and specific training and development needs are thus identified. Based on role analysis a draft system with the following objectives has been circulated by the Corporate Personnel for the comments of Personnel/Training (HRD)/Divisional Heads. . Helping the executives to become more effective in their present and future jobs. . Enabling the executives to perform at optimum level by determining and meeting their growth needs. . Helping the executives to visualise their roles more clearly. Preventing the obsolescence of their technical and managerial skills. . Optimising the utilization of training resources by providing appropriate inputs. . Facilitating the design of need based programmes and identify the training and development needs. . Preparing data bank of capabilities required for various positions. . Facilitating job rotation, career and succession plann ing. Once implemented, it will provide a valuable data base for planning, training and development activities and identifying appropriate candidates for programmes. Performance Appraisal and Potenfial Appraisal In BHEL it has remained so far that the role of superior was limited to evaluator or judge and the role of the appraisee was passive. Now the superiors role is being conceived as helper and counseller and the appraisee is encouraged to become more involved and committed in achieving the objectives. Performance feedback and Counselling The need and importance of performance feedback and counseling has been realized. Attempts are being made to cover maximum number of executives in various programme/workshops on performance feedback and counselling to enable them to practice it as an important tool for Human Resource Development. The supervisors also will be covered in such efforts. Career Planning and Development Time-cum-merit based promotion was practiced which is able to satisfy the individuals and organizational needs to a great extent. The employees are encouraged and helped to plan a career path. They are liberally sponsored to higher educational programmes in IIMS/IITs. Posted bySatish Raj Pathakat9:19 PM Labels:OD intervention Od intervention at NTPC How to cite Od Interventions, Essay examples

Digital Art In Film Essay Example For Students

Digital Art In Film Essay Thanks again for compiling the website for the group Mike. Below is what I would like to appear on the website divided by questions. My works cited follows. I included links to youtube videos and embedded pictures into the document that are to appear in the appropriate section. Let me know if you need more pictures or have any questions/problems. I tried to make it as simple as possible. 1. Topic/Background/History Relevance: Advances in technology have enabled filmmakers to create visually stunning masterpieces that were once a figment of their imagination. Let me begin with Toy Story, the first breakthrough in the marriage between technology and film. Toy Story was the first Hollywood computer generated (cg) film, primarily aimed at the younger generation but enjoyed by all. Advances in technology also has improved the visual effects aspect in many film, making what once seemed to be impossible now a reality. I will be examining the effects of technology in relation to film and how these digital advances can be considered as art. The history of digital art in film is relatively small in comparison to the entire history of film dating back to the early 1900s and Thomas Edison. I would like to begin in 1995, with the real first breakthrough in utilizing computers and technology to create the film Toy Story. This one event seemed to ignite the idea that computer made graphics could be used instead of the traditional cartooning. Toy Story also led to the idea that computers can be used to create special effects in action films such as Jurassic Park and more recently 300. Teams of computer programmers are creating such a stunning visual backdrop in films that it is replacing the traditional technique of filming on location and blowing real things up (as much fun as that is). It is now, as a film audience, hard to tell the difference between what is reality and what is virtual reality in film, something that places great significant impact on the whole experience of watching a film. 2. Defend/Define why digital art in film is art: It is pretty apparent why the use of technology in film is considered as art; it is replacing the traditional sense of art direction in contemporary film. For example, Toy Story introduced a new medium in which film can be produced and enjoyed. It takes a creative process to create computer animated films. Deepak Chopra states that creativity comes from having an intended vision, then gathering information, then analyzing the information, then incubation sooner or later, you have the eureka experience (1). The final product is considered art because it falls directly in the definition of art which is The expression of human creative skill and imagination, typically in a visual form producing works to be appreciated primarily for their beauty or emotional power (Computer Dictionary). I believe it takes both what Deepak says about creativity and how we define art to come up with why certain aspects of life are considered as art, such as digital technology in film. The use of digital art in film is a natural progression of advancement and is foreshadowing what to expect in the years to come. It is the way the industry is heading and is becoming the staple of how to create visual effects in film. Using computer technology to create film provides the artist with a limitless pallet only constrained by his/her imagination. In some respect, digital art could be considered more of an example of art than tangible creations because the options are literally limitless to what one can create. This creates an environment that is extremely conducive to creativity and in turn is a perfect example of why the use of computer technology in film is considered art. .ucd5e81d17c572a1c4d8fc97286c1718d , .ucd5e81d17c572a1c4d8fc97286c1718d .postImageUrl , .ucd5e81d17c572a1c4d8fc97286c1718d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucd5e81d17c572a1c4d8fc97286c1718d , .ucd5e81d17c572a1c4d8fc97286c1718d:hover , .ucd5e81d17c572a1c4d8fc97286c1718d:visited , .ucd5e81d17c572a1c4d8fc97286c1718d:active { border:0!important; } .ucd5e81d17c572a1c4d8fc97286c1718d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucd5e81d17c572a1c4d8fc97286c1718d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucd5e81d17c572a1c4d8fc97286c1718d:active , .ucd5e81d17c572a1c4d8fc97286c1718d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucd5e81d17c572a1c4d8fc97286c1718d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucd5e81d17c572a1c4d8fc97286c1718d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucd5e81d17c572a1c4d8fc97286c1718d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucd5e81d17c572a1c4d8fc97286c1718d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucd5e81d17c572a1c4d8fc97286c1718d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucd5e81d17c572a1c4d8fc97286c1718d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucd5e81d17c572a1c4d8fc97286c1718d .ucd5e81d17c572a1c4d8fc97286c1718d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucd5e81d17c572a1c4d8fc97286c1718d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Art history essay on Adopting an approach3. Discuss the relationship between film and culture. How does it impact culture? Communicate values/beliefs/etc. ? Film is an American pastime. That being said, the use of digital art in film has an immense impact on culture and communicates values and beliefs through the way that it is presented. People go to movies to take a step out of their reality and step into that of the filmmakers. Being a filmmaker myself, my main go is to make the viewer forget about the world that they live in and be taken by the story they are experiencing. Through the arts we learn to see what we had not notice, to feel what we had not felt, and employ forms of thinking that are indigenous to the arts (Eisner, 20). The film allows the viewer to feel emotions, experience events, and live a life they never thought possible and feel somehow connected to it all. Pixar films such as Toy Story, Finding Nemo, and Ratatouille all communicate fundamental American values to its viewers. These films are aimed towards the younger audience communicating deeply rooted beliefs such as friendship, love, and the difference between good and bad. For example, in the film Finding Nemo, Nemo learns the importance of parental relationships when his love for his father grows throughout the film. The use of digital technology has opened up a new realm in which to communicate these values. For example, in the past, and movie like Finding Nemo would have been animated in the traditional sense and maybe it would not of been as successful at telling the story that it did with the use of a realistic underwater world. Children and adults are able to connect to the story much better when they arent distracted by cartoons and are captured in the moment by stunning visual effects in the movie. 4. Who are the artists creating this work? How do they engage? Get educated? It takes a salad bowl full of artists to create digital masterpieces in film. A typical team at any movie studio would consist of a director, art director, art coordinator, many computer programming artists, and artists drawing out creations before they are transformed into virtual reality. Collaboration is a key ingredient in creating films such as Ice Age and special effects in todays movies. Chuck Richardson, a production manager for Ice Age said, An assembly line sets a horrible burden on the process It demands inventory. It consumes work. It demands people be creative on a schedule. It is very wearying, because people dont realize how much work it is. Producing an 80-minute film is more work than theyve ever done in their entire life in a concentrated period have to animate four seconds a week (2). This is a process that takes true dedication and a passion for what the artist is creating. It is crucial to produce films that are as non disruptive to the creative workflow as possible. The majority of these artists work in the film industry for a number of years and have built up quite a demo reel. I know this because I have worked on a number of films and have close relationships with folks involved in most every aspect of this very creative and open process. It not only takes a great artist to create their art, but it also takes great software designed by artists for artists. Programs such as Maya, RenderMan, and Adobe After Effects are just a few of the key programs used in film production. High budget studios such as Pixar utilize this software, but with their deep pockets, are able to program software specific for the job they are making. Its a very exciting time to be involved with film and the advance of technology. The creations that are coming into fruition are just mind boggling and provide a perfect example of how this form of art impacts American culture. Computer animated films have come a long way since Woody and Buzz Lightyear but I guess the saying still holds true; To infinity, and beyond!

Accountability Essay Example

Accountability Essay Example Accountability Essay Accountability Essay Without accountability of my fellow oldies I put them as well as myself in danger. If I dont know where my team is it is impossible to come to their aid if needed and vice versa. That being said it is a key part in being a leader for that exact reason. You cannot be an effective leader without knowing or at the very least have some type Of idea of the location of the ones you are leading and what they are doing at all times. Accountability in its self is a major part of not only being in the military, but many different aspects of life as well. The rules apply where ever you go. Parents must maintain accountability of their children, teachers must maintain accountability of their students, and supervisors must maintain accountability oftener workers. No matter what you do in life you will have to keep accountability of someone or something, and someone will most likely be keeping accountability of you, there is no getting around it. Most crimes happen when people are lost and/or nobody knows where they are. If somebody at least knows the general area of where you are they can find you a lot quicker than if they were just searching where you might be. That in its self could be the difference between life and death. People lose their jobs over accountability every day. Whether it be losing a file, or not calling in sick, or just not calling to tell somebody that they are going to be late for whatever reason. A lack of focus and accountability loses your package in the mail, your house hold goods when moving, or your paperwork at SSL . At school you have to keep track of your text books, supplies, and your schedule in order to operate smoothly. Accountability affects your everyday life without you even legalizing it. At this point in our lives it is no longer a job but a part of life and a sign of responsibility. Another sign of maturity is holding yourself accountable for your own actions. If you are one of those people who goes around making excuses for everything you do, people will begin to lose faith in you, and in turn you will not only lose your credibility but their trust as well. After a certain point excuses become less relevant or believable and you are seen and/or treated as if you were lying. No leader likes the It wasnt my fault, l as goanna, or see what had happened was guy/gal and you shouldnt want to be him/her. It is always better to hold yourself accountable for your own actions, you will gain a lot more respect that way. Once again accountability plays a major role in the quality of your everyday life and the lives of those around you as well. Good accountability or a lack of accountability can mean the difference in somebody getting paid the right amount or even at all. It could be the difference of receiving a tax refund or paying the state more Han what you owe.

Teenage Drinking essays

Teenage Drinking essays Teenage drinking has become one of the largest social issues among young people in America today. Although more than half of high schoolers drinks on a regular basis, the problem is that they are not aware of how dangerous alcohol can actually be. The reality is that alcohol is often the cause of many problems among these teenagers. Simply put, alcohol ruins many young peoples lives, and is now of the most serious problems young people face. Drinking and driving is one large problem often linked with teenage drinking. Fatal alcohol related crashes make up 25% of all crashes included among young drivers. Alcohol dulls parts of the brain that are crucial to decision making, decreases the ability to concentrate, and slows the reaction time behind the wheel. Drunk drivers are treacherous on the road and can easily hurt themselves or someone innocent. Something big needs to be done, or this dangerous trend will continue to harm many people in the future. Another problem with underage drinking is the fact that they lose control of their actions. Alcohol often results in teens having risky sexual behavior. Rapings, unplanned pregnancies, HIV infections, and sexually transmitted diseases are very commonly linked back to when they had been drinking. These young people lose judgement and many times do things they wouldnt do if they were sober. Losing judgement results in many actions that are regretted and they then realize that they could have been avoided. Alcohol abuse is extremely harmful to ones body, especially to a teenagers. It affects almost every organ system, either directly or indirectly. Unfortunately, drinkers often do not think about what kind of effect alcohol will have on them when they get older; so many people end up learning the hard way. Teenagers that abuse alcohol often develop problems with their liver, heart, stomach, kidneys, and/or mouth and throat. Many adults wish they knew when they wer...

Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 4

Project Management - Essay Example Fourth is the evaluation phase. The initiation phase entails definition of the scope, objectives, purpose, deliverables, resources, the structure of the project and the timescales while in the planning phase, there is the creation of a comprehensive project plan. This project plan is essential to the project since it acts as the reference for the project manager throughout the project for the control and monitoring cost, time and quality. In the project execution phase, the project manager controls and monitors the project delivery while the project team produces the deliverables. Once the consumer accepts the deliverables, the phase review is carried out to ensure that the project objectives have been achieved. The project is therefore ready for closure. After its closure, an evaluation should be carried out to determine the overall success of the project and find out whether the stated benefits in the original business case have been realized. The management should finally document any lessons learned for future projects (Griffin, 2010). Project management is an important activity among the overall business operations. In many organizations, team work has been a common aspect due to the great need for methods that would diagnose and solve problems that arise within the organization. Forecasting has also been applied in an attempt to take care of the arising problems in an organization before they have truly developed. On the other side, the project management has got many benefits to an organization. First, it provides and ability for the utilization of the forecasting methods in an organization. The organization therefore obtains an ability to look at situations by using various driven computer applications. Project management enables better teamwork. In any organization, teamwork is an important part of the entire aspect of its success. The more employees work

Cross-cultural Opportunities and Conflicts in Canada Essay

Cross-cultural Opportunities and Conflicts in Canada - Essay Example Discussion a Who are the stakeholders? That is, identify the different groups of people whom are affected by choices in this instance. Also, include in your analysis how many different ways different groups of people are affected. Canada is among the nations that embrace cultural differences as a form of economic and cultural opportunity. In Canada, immigrants are always comfortable and majority has attained their personal goals. Globally, people should learn to understand, accept, regard and acknowledge cultural diversity. Most crucial, cultural difference is the foundation for the success of Canada. Most global organizations, immigrants, Canadian leaders and business entrepreneurs face an intensive challenge in managing diverse cultures, for instance, Occidental Petroleum Company in Canada. Canada’s growth opportunities occur in the developing markets, whereby the requirements are nearly infinite. Canada must venture in those marketplaces. Both European nations and N. Americ a are the main markets and therefore, competition may be challenging for companies in Canada to explore them further, (Tierney, 2007). Therefore, Canadian cultural diversity gives the country an extensive advantage to take part in developing global markets. This is because cultural diversity accords Canada all the competence that other powerful competitors have. ... or instance, Canadians are sensitive, respectful and dynamic; Canada cherishes unity in diversity, respects cultural diversity (diverse traditions and views) and people. This makes the country well considered when dealing with international business and gives Canada an opportunity to capitalize on different capacities. Individuals from diverse nations and origins have reinforced the economy of Canada. Immigrants from different countries are mainly hard workers who bring diverse talents, competences, expertise and skills to Canadian companies and markets, (Chalmers, 1996). They are principled people who promote the reputation of Canada and are beneficial to the nation. Since Canada gives equal opportunities for both Canadians and immigrants - or people from different ethnic backgrounds outside Canada – to attain their objectives and develop, Canada has an opportunity to develop technologically, economically, culturally and socially from different talents and skills of non- Cana dians. Cultural diversity adds value to Canadian companies, governments and cultures. Multiculturalism makes the country rich in that they participate and offer their skills, expertise and knowledge in international business. Similarly, the country can efficiently utilize ethnocultural aspects in the society of Canada to obtain a share of developing markets. This is because availability of diverse ethnic people is a critical mechanism for Canada. For instance, in Canadian delegation almost 25% of the business entrepreneurs are immigrants from Vietnam. These Vietnamese can well describe to Vietnam authorities the potential benefits that Canada can offer to Vietnam and the form of business connections to be created. Similarly, Vietnamese in Canada settlements can easily eliminate cultural gaps and

Endangered Snow Leopard Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Endangered Snow Leopard - Research Paper Example Global snow leopards’ effective population size is estimated to be about 50 percent of the total population which implies that there are 2,040-3,295 snow leopards in the world (qtd. in Jackson et al.) This paper studies the factors contributing to the threats of snow leopards’ extinction; its impact; and suggested solutions. Snow leopard is found in the high mountains of Central Asia with major regions that include: Altai, Pamir, Hindu Kush, Tian Shan, Kun Lun, Karakorum, and Himalayan ranges (McCarthy et al.).Ecological regions are defined to be Altai-Sayan, Trans-Altai Alashan, Tian Shan, Pamir, Gobi, Hindu-Kush, Himalayas, Karakorum, Tibetan Plateau, and Hengduan Mountains (Williams, 2008 qtd. in Jackson et al.) 2. Causes of being endangered Major factors which contribute to the threats of snow leopards include: decreasing prey base; illegal trade; encounter with local people; lacking conservation activities; inadequate policy and implementation; and lack of awarenes s among people (Jackson et al.).The Snow Leopard Survival Strategy determined major threats to the specie which can be categorized as: habitat and prey; direct killing; policy and awareness; and other issues (McCarthy et al. 31). 2.1 Habitat and Prey Threats   2.1.1.Habitat Fragmentation and Degradation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Snow leopards utilize several habitat types on marginal basis; however, they have strong association with high alpine tundra which is a very fragile ecosystem itself. Such narrow scale of habitat expose snow leopard to the vulnerability of habitat change in particular. Changes in the habitat over most of snow leopard range do not comply with the common perception of habitat degradation and fragmentation. Construction of roads, large scale natural resource extraction, and urbanization takes place within the snow leopard range; however, its incidence is rare due to remoteness and inaccessibility. Most observed form of habitat alteration is comparatively s ubtle but equally destructive and happens in the form of livestock and their owners’ interference (McCarthy et al. 29).   2.1.2. Natural Prey Reduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Snow leopard’s habitat mountain ungulates are hunted, either illegally or without any regulation. They are hunted by locals either for meat or as a symbol of their victory; meat is also used to serve for honored guest or on special holidays. Moreover, wild meat is greatly appreciated due to its medicinal value. Sometimes, illegal hunting occurs as a result of commercial activity. There is nearly absence of legal hunting by locals which disenfranchises them and makes it hard to comply with the law. Legal harvesting exceeds the allowed area which results in the reduction of snow leopard food resources (McCarthy et al. 30). 2.1.3. Legal Hunting of Natural Prey Sheep and goats trophy hunting is quite prevalent and a lucrative business in most of snow leopard rage-states. It generates wealth fo r private and state hunting reserves. However, they can play a vital role in community base conservation by providing local people with the incentives to protect wild life and its habitat. These hunts are not properly manages and lead to either medium-term social instability or long-term genetic issues. Major conflict in interest is created by the major part of income is generated by trophy hunting. Ungulate stock is reduced limiting the surviving ability of snow leopard and other carnivores. Other declining prey species

Existential Anxiety And Neurotic Anxiety

Existential Anxiety And Neurotic Anxiety Many theorists distinguish between anxiety and fear. While fear is a response to a specific, objective and defined threat, anxiety is internal and objectless. It is a free-floating feeling of unease and apprehension that something bad is going to happen. It is accompanied with physical sensations such as choking and tightness, warning the person of a potential danger (Cohn, 1997; Spinelli, 2007). However, this distinction does not clarify the concept of anxiety since it takes many forms and receives different emphases by a variety of approaches. A central term in the psychoanalytic theory is neurotic anxiety, while existentialists talk about existential anxiety. I will clarify the difference between the two and its implications for therapy. In doing so, I will consider Freuds outlook on anxiety and its origin, as well that of various existential philosophers and psychotherapists. Anxiety a. Neurotic Anxiety According to Freud Psychoanalysis emphasizes the influence of the unconscious mind on behavior. Freud believed that the human psych is composed of the id, the ego and the superego, which work together to create complex human behaviors. According to this topographical model, the id seeks to fulfill all wants, needs and impulses while the superego plays the critical and moralizing role. The ego is the aspect of personality which deals with reality, having to cope with the conflicting demands of the id and the superego (Hall, 1954). Freud used the term ego strength to refer to the egos ability to function despite these dueling forces. A person with good ego strength is able to effectively manage these pressures. When the ego cannot deal with the demands of our desires, the constraints of reality and our own moral standards, we experience anxiety. Neurotic anxiety is the unconscious worry that we will lose control of the ids urges, resulting in punishment for inappropriate behavior. Moral anxiety involves a fear of violating our own moral principles. Whatever the anxiety, the ego seeks to reduce it. Operating at the unconscious level, it employs defense mechanisms to distort or deny reality. While all defense mechanisms can be adaptive and allow us to function normally, they can also be unhealthy. The defenses keep the threatening contents outside conscious awareness, restricting direct expression of drives. However, they provide indirect expression of these in displaced, sublimated, or symbolic form. Dreams, Freudian slips and even symptoms, are a compromise between a forbidden impulse or thought, and the defense against it. When defense mechanisms are extremely overused or distort reality too much, this will result in symptoms such as OCD or phobias, an active expression of the conflict (Mitchell and black, 1995). Existential Anxiety Existentialists consider anxiety ontologically and not a result of an individual ontic development. It is an inseparable, inevitable aspect of existence, and a potentially positive phenomenon. (Kirby, 2004; Cohn, 1997). According to the existential approach, the individuals anxiety-provoking basic conflict is not with repressed instinctual impulses, but with his confrontation with the givens of existence that cannot be avoided. These pose the human with certain ultimate concerns that are an inescapable part of the human beings existence in the world (May and Yalom, 1995). Several complementary models aim to reflect the structure of existence. One of the most known ones is Yaloms (1981), which identifies four ultimate concerns: death, freedom, isolation, and meaninglessness. The individuals confrontation with each of these provokes anxiety. Freedom refers to the fact that the human being is the author of his own life, and responsible for his own choices and actions. This responsibility and ability to choose freely, evokes feelings of dread and angst, since the outcome of our choices are never certain and always imply the rejection of alternatives (Cohn, 1997). According to Sartre (1956), people are condemned, rather than blessed to be free. Kierkegaard (cited in Cohn, 1997, p.71) describes anxiety as the giddiness of freedom. This dizziness is the price we pay for freedom, while making us aware of our possibilities under the limitations of the world we are thrown into. Anxiety is further intensified since we have no given meaning to guide us in our choices and to base our decisions on. Like a person lost in the jungle, we are forced to cut our own path through life, with no directing signs or maps to point us in the right direction (Cooper, 2003, p.22). Spinelli (2007) accentuates the human need to create a reality with meaning, an interpreted world. If there is no preordained design in life, then we must construct our own meaning in life. We are torn between contradicting forces- between our deep wish for ground and structure on one hand, and our awareness of freedom on the other hand, as well as our need to find meaning in a meaningless universe (May and Yalom, 1995). The most obvious ultimate concern is death (Tillich, 2000). While we wish to continue to live, we are aware of the terrifying truth of inevitable death. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦it is not only freedom and nothingness that brings with it anxiety, but also the fact that our existence runs up against unavoidable boundaries, such as death and chance. Indeed, it is only because of these boundaries that our choices are infused with angst (cooper, 2003, p.23). This idea is well illustrated in the title of Heideggers work Being and Time- Daseins being is in time, it is finite (Steiner, 1987). Deaths inevitability makes life seem meaningless, reminds us of our existential isolation, and defines our choices as excluding one another due to the time limit (Yalom, 2008). Whether it is presented in terms of life versus death, meaning versus meaningless or certainty versus uncertainty, this internal tension expresses itself as anxiety, which is unavoidable and non-pathological, but a basic given of the individuals life. Considered in this way, the dilemma of existential anxiety is not so much that it is, but rather how each of us lives with it (Spinelli, 2007, p.27). How Do We Live with it? Van-Deurzen (2002) suggests that in our attempt to escape existential anxiety, we either withdraw from living, or accept life like there is no choice, living automatically under the self illusion that freedom and responsibility do not exist. This self deception that Sartre (1956) calls bad faith leaves no room for anxiety, but also no room for life itself. Heidegger describes the adoption of conventions as submitting to the they and the absorption in the day-to-day distractions, as fallenness- Dasein falls into the ontic world, into inauthenticity. The fallenness is positive because feeling emptiness and alienation, one becomes aware of the loss of himself, and can aspire to return to his authentic being (Kirby, 2004; Steiner, 1987). Anxiety throws Dasein back to that he is most anxious from- his authentic potentiality to being-in-the-world (Heidegger cited in Spinelli, 2007, p.29). Every attempt to escape or deny anxiety will only result in intensified anxiety, reminding us of our limitations. Life[à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦]will persecute those who attempt to play by their own rules until they too submit and bear their fate with courage rather than trying to escape (Van-Deurzen, 2002, p.39). An encounter with death, for instance, is often a critical turning point in our attitude to life, an awakening experience. Though the physicality of death destroys us, the idea of death can save us. (Yalom, 2008, p.33). Anxiety is indicative of ones awareness level to his freedom. The more one recognizes and acts on his basic freedom, the more angst he will feel, which is a sign of authenticity (Cooper, 2003; Steiner, 1987). When life is not taken for granted, existential anxiety is experienced (Van-Deurzen, 2002, p.35). We need to embrace and explore anxiety as part of our life experience. We are all torn between the polarities of the existential questions. By facing the polarities and finding the balance, we find meaning. Anxiety Comes in Different Disguises The source of neurosis is held by Tillich to be the refusal to accept anxiety. Furthermore, Yalom and May (1995) emphasize failed death transcendence as the source of many pathologies. It is the way of avoiding nonbeing by avoiding being (Tillich, 2000 p.66). In our attempts to escape anxiety, we adopt restrictive patterns of thought and behavior, which are expressed through structures of what can be identified as symptoms or disorders (Spinelli, 2007). The dread is disguised and concealed in various forms, which provide the illusion of safety, but also restrict growth (Van-Deurzen, 2002; Yalom, 2008). Pathologizing certain categories of anxiety is clearly incompatible with the existential-phenomenological approach. It seems more fitting to acknowledge a continuum where on one end are courageous and authentic ways to respond to anxiety, and at the other, avoidant, despairing and inauthentic ways (Kirby, 2004). Case Study Dave came to therapy feeling stuck and unsuccessful in all life areas. He married and quickly divorced and succeeded financially but lost everything. He even became religious and then secular again, after religion turned from love to awe. He followed the rules of Judaism obsessively, and also today, he fears he will be punished for various thoughts and acts. For over a year, he felt compelled to give charity in the first kiosk he saw that day, or else he would die. Freud might see this compulsive behavior as an expression of moral anxiety. There is an intra-psychic struggle between Daves ids drives (that made him sleep around and get involved in delinquency), and his super-ego, according to which he should not be doing and thinking such things, making him feel guilt. In his maladaptive efforts to settle the conflict, he tries to undo his acts and please the super-ego by giving charity that will save him from punishment. Treatment will aim to free the repressed conflict and allow it to enter consciousness and become integrated. Another aim might be strengthening his ego, allowing the development of healthier defense mechanisms in order to rid of anxiety (Hall, 1954). An existential approach will conceive this neurotic behavior as an expression of trying to escape death awareness. Daves fear is not from dueling inner forces, but from non-being. In his attempts to avoid the dreadful recognition that he too will die, he adopted a rigid and restricting behavior that gives him a sense of security from this threat. A behavior that says if I will donate, I will not die; it even says so on the box  [1]  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ In therapy, Dave should be encouraged to face anxiety and awaken from this illusion. We are all going to die, and acknowledging that enables living. An existential approach does not try to eliminate anxiety, it sees it as an important source of information that motivates and guides us to a full authentic life. According to Van-Deurzen (2002), in the first phase the therapist shows the client the various ways in which he escapes anxiety and chooses not to live. After that, the aim is to help him face anxiety and understand its meaning. The final stage includes exploration of creative ways to rise above the challenges presented by existence, and finding the courage to live with anxiety constructively. Dave and I are at the first stage, investigating ways in which he avoids living. He neglects many aspects of life and escapes thoughts and coping by concentrating on career and money, which give him the illusion of security. He found temporary refuge from anxiety in further frames, such as marrying despite a terrible relationship and becoming religious. Religion gave him meaning and a set of rules to live by, freeing him from the burden of freedom. He followed the Halacha  [2]   strictly, with no room to maneuver. Dave also described always feeling distant from his family. When I asked for a specific memory of feeling that way, we started to touch upon the second stage- the meaning of anxiety. At the age of 7 he witnessed his father get electrocuted and fall off a ladder. This evoked thoughts of life without him, and since then, he kept distant. Dave was exposed to death and the loneliness that accompanies it at a young age, with no one to talk to and process his feelings with. My role as a therapist is to help Dave cope with the complexity of reality and accept the risks and anxieties involved in active living. Dave will hopefully find the courage to give up some sense of security and control for more freedom, and find further compromises between extremes. Hopefully, from the expansion of perspective and learning to deal resolutely with life and death, he will abandon his limiting symptom that resembles the security of prison. Conclusion According to a Freudian perspective, neurotic anxiety is disproportionate to the situation and should be eliminated. It involves repression and distortion of reality that allows temporary security, but eventually tends to paralyze the individual. The source of anxiety is unconscious intra-psychic conflicts and drives, and Freud sees it as a sign of pathology, a psychological mechanism explicable in terms of cause and effect (Kirby, 2004, p.76). It is an abnormal state of mind and a result of a weak ego. Existentialists understand anxiety ontologically, as an unavoidable part of our being-in-the-world. It does not require repression, but rather should be embraced since it teaches us to open up to possibilities and find our own inner-voice. The human-being is not perceived mostly as driven, but as suffering and fearful, anxious in the face of awareness. The anxiety takes place not in ones inner-psychic world, but in his encounter with the external world. Hence, the therapeutic aim is not working on defense mechanisms and inner forces, but expanding the clients perspective and relatedness to the world. It may seem tempting for both therapist and client to concentrate on eliminating the symptom and supposedly getting rid of anxiety. However, Existentialists see this so called neurotic anxiety or pathological symptoms as trying to avoid existential anxiety. Since anxiety is a valuable source of information, we should encourage the client to learn what it can teach him, and not eagerly attempt to get rid of it with medication for example. Out of recognizing and accepting the anxiety, the disturbing symptoms will hopefully stop. Tillich (2000) recognized that we should understand anxiety ontologically before we can help our clients deal with it on an ontic level. The aim is living as much as possible without neurotic anxiety, but with the ability to tolerate existential anxiety.

Networking and Telecommunications :: Technology, Network-on-chips

As technology scales, Systems-on-Chips (SoCs) are becoming increasingly complex and heterogeneous. One of the most important key issues that characterize such SoCs is the seamless mixing of numerous Intellectual Property (IP) cores performing different functions and operating at different clock frequencies. In just the last few years, Network-on-Chip (NoC) has emerged as a leading paradigm for the synthesis of multi-core SoCs [1]. The routing algorithm used in the interconnection communication NoC is the most crucial aspect that distinguishes various proposed NoC architectures [2], [3]. However, the use of VCs introduces some overhead in terms of both additional resources and mechanisms for their management [4]. Each IP core has two segments to operate in communication and computation modes separately [5]. On-chip packet switched interconnection architectures, called as NoCs, have been proposed as a solution for the communication challenges in these networks [6]. NoCs relate closely to interconnection networks for high-performance parallel computers with multiple processors, in which each processor is an individual chip. A NoC is a group of routers and switches that are connected to each other on a point to point short link to provide a communication backbone of the IP cores of a SoC. The most common template that proposed for the communication of NoC is a 2-D mesh network topology where each resource is connected with a router [7]. In these networks, source nodes (an IP-Core), generate packets that include headers as well as data, then routers transfer them through connected links to destination nodes [8]. The wormhole (WH) switching technique proposed by Dally and Seitz [9] has been widely used in the interconnections such as [10], [11]. In the WH technique, a packet is divided into a series of fixed-size parts of data, called flits. Wormhole routing requires the least buffering (flits instead of packets) and allows low-latency communication. To avoid deadlocks among messages, multiple virtual channels (VC) are simulated on each physical link [12]. Each unidirectional virtual channel is realized by an independently managed pair of message buffers [13]. This paper presents a new routing algorithm for irregular mesh networks by base that enhances a previously proposed technique. The primary distinction between the previous method and the method presented in this paper is passing messages from ONs in the network. Simulation results show that utilization of network by e-xy and OAPR algorithm is worse than the improved one, i-xy. We have been simulated every three algorithms for 5% and 10% of oversized nodes with uniform and hotspot traffic.